If you’re buying property on the Big Island of Hawaii, you will likely encounter homes with either cesspools or septic systems.
Understanding the difference is important because Hawaii has been working toward phasing out cesspools statewide.
A cesspool is a simple underground pit that collects wastewater from a home.
Unlike modern systems, cesspools do not treat wastewater before it enters the ground.
Many older homes in Hawaii still rely on cesspools because they were the standard wastewater solution for decades.
A septic system is more advanced.
It includes:
A septic tank
A drain field
Wastewater treatment through filtration
Because septic systems treat wastewater, they are considered much more environmentally friendly.
The State of Hawaii has set a goal to eliminate cesspools by 2050.
This means property owners will eventually need to convert to:
Septic systems
Aerobic treatment units
Sewer connections (where available)
The cost to convert can range from $15,000 to $40,000 or more, depending on site conditions.
If a home has a cesspool, buyers should factor in the future conversion cost.
In some cases, lenders may also require inspections or disclosures related to wastewater systems.
Understanding these issues upfront can help buyers plan for future improvements.
I often help buyers evaluate properties where wastewater systems may impact financing, insurance, or future costs.
When purchasing property on the Big Island, understanding infrastructure systems like these can make a big difference.